“To Peacekeep Or Not To Peacekeep” By James Ash Essay Example for Free

â€Å"To Peacekeep Or Not To Peacekeep† By James Ash Essay In â€Å"To Peacekeep Or Not To Peacekeep† James Ash contends that in the event that we consider both the sober minded and moral view we can perceive how harmony keeping is the best job for Canadians to take. In any case, in spite of the fact that Ash portrays peacekeeping as fundamental to Canada’s character, on the off chance that we take a gander at this article you will find that Ash’s contention is imperfect from various perspectives. Debris gives an abstract view for peacekeeping without giving a reasonable portrayal to the detriments of peacekeeping. Explicitly in the event that one ganders at Ash’s claim to intention and bogus situation, at that point one can survey if Ash’s contentions are viewed as believable and sound. Debris starts his exposition by presenting the idea of peacekeeping through the moral and sober minded view. Debris portrays the advantages that are related with Canada expecting the job of peacekeeper. Debris clarifies various situations of how harmony keeping can help with war. With taking on a job of harmony keeping we will be sparing various fighters and helping parts the world over out of the hellfire they have been living. Debris finishes up his exposition with urging perusers to jump aboard with a harmony keeping Canada and to truly profit by what our duties are paying for. Debris exhibits constantly how peacekeeping is the best job for the Canadian Armed powers since peacekeeping is generous and wins Canada a personality universally. Debris endeavors to pass on to the peruser that peacekeeping is fundamental for Canadians in light of the fact that as per Ash â€Å"The just moral job for a peacetime armed force is to attempt to forestall war† (349). Perusers are locked in such a case that they differ they are anxious about the possibility that that they will be ethically off-base for doing as such. Debris compliments with language that underwear with the perusers that peacekeeping forestalls war. Debris expresses that â€Å"it spares more lives† (349) which makes a positive subconscious relationship in the readers’ mind for Canada expecting a job of peacekeeping. Debris contends that â€Å"if it fills in as a little sign that the world won't remain by perpetually and let butchers and â€Å"ethnic cleansers† have their direction, at that point peacekeeping ought to be upheld by even the most tough pragmatist† (349). Ash’s proclamation causes perusers to feel significant when they imagine themselves ending such horrible acts that make this world a â€Å"living hell† (349). Debris tells perusers that peacekeeping will make this world a considerably more tolerable spot to be in. Debris makes reference to â€Å"Peacekeeping permits Canada to be the best at something, to be acclaimed, to procure awards† (349). With readers’ intrigue provoked and their personalities helped, Ash charms perusers that â€Å"Peacekeeping is turning into an image of Canada when the nation frantically needs one† (349). Be that as it may, Ash should remember while Canada may enormously profit by peacekeeping Ash isn't happy to give any burdens or negative perspectives to peacekeeping. By just furnishing the perusers with what they need to hear you don’t get the opportunity to hear the general contention and this may daze us from seeing the two perspectives. Debris starts his exposition in help for harmony keeping missions by sketching out what he accepts are the useful reasons. For instance Ash expresses that â€Å"A hardly any body packs being flown home since little arms fire can enter Canada’s antiquated protected staff transporters, or in light of the fact that our helicopters are too haggard to even consider evacuating Canadian injured, is presumably the main motivator that will really get Canada’s military the instruments it needs to do the job† (349) Later in the article he states â€Å"it spares more than it costs, on the off chance that it brings even brief help to parts of the world that have become living hells: (349). In spite of the fact that Ash gives important proof on the side of his case, when one looks all the more equitably one starts to address what the above citations propose; Ash’s advance to thought process or all the more explicitly his intrigue to feel sorry for. These models might be tyrannical for the peruser and the words may occupy them from reality of the paper. Debris persistently contends how peacekeeping will no longer makes us a â€Å"American puppet†, he accepts this will just set us up to be a piece of this present reality. Debris expresses that â€Å"either we battle close by the US or against them† (348). He likewise contends that we have to set a model for the US, and harmony keeping will do as such. With Ash’s persuading words one may scrutinize his solid aphorism by looking all the more cautiously one may start to question his case and see that Ash’s bogus of difficulty. These models propose that these false notions divert you from the general truth of this paper. Ash’s exposition depicts the various advantages that are related with peacekeeping. In spite of the fact that Ash makes a few tenable focuses the general article is inconceivable because of various false notions that legitimize the emotional idea of the paper rendering it difficult to be objective.

The Sudetenland Essays - Munich Agreement, Sudetenland, Partition

The Sudetenland History The Sudetenland On January 30, 1933, the Nazis obtained authority of Germany when Adolf Hitler was named chancellor. That night Hitler stood triumphantly in the window of the Reich Chancellery waving to a large number of tempest troopers who organized motorcades all through the avenues of Berlin. The Nazis broadcasted that their Third Reich would be the best development in history and would keep going for a large number of years. Be that as it may, the fleeting ascent of Hitler and national communism was trailed by a similarly fast rout; the Third Reich made due for a unimportant twelve years. Be that as it may, one of the primary driver of World War II was Hitler's open legitimization for the dissection of the Czech state through either war or tact was the situation of the 3.5 million ethnic Germans the Treaty of Versailles had left inside Czechoslovakia. The primary land that Hitler needed to attach to Germany was that of the Sudetenland, where the greater part of the individuals living there were of German cause. The land likewise circumscribed Germany toward the South East, and Germany was set up to overcome this land at all expense. Also, presently before us stands the last issue that must be understood and will be explained It (the Sudetenland) is the last regional case which I need to make in Europe, yet it is the case from which I won't retreat? - Adolf Hitler, in a discourse in Berlin, September 26 1938, just before the Munich gathering. The majority of the German minorities live in Sudetenland, a monetarily significant and deliberately significant zone along the Czech outskirt with Germany and Austria. The complaints of the Sudeten Germans against the Czech state had prompted the ascent of a solid German patriot development in the Sudetenland. By the mid - 1930's, this development had the help of just about 70 percent of the Sudeten German populace. Their pioneer, the genius Nazi Konrad Heinlen, started requesting independence for this area Both the genuine and imagined issues of the Sudeten Germans included validity to Hitler's charge that they were prevented the privilege from claiming self-assurance also, lived as a persecuted minority, which he was committed to safeguard In the spring of 1938, Heinlein was guided by Hitler to set expectations that the Czechs couldn't acknowledge, in this way giving Germany motivation to mediate. The Czech circumstance before long transformed into a universal emergency that overwhelmed the European scene for the remainder of that present year. The weekend which started on Friday, May 20, 1938, formed into a basic one and would later be recognized as the May emergency. During the following forty-eight hours, the Governments in London, Paris, Prague also, Moscow were terrified into the conviction that Europe stood closer to war than it had whenever since the late spring of 1914. This may have been to a great extent because of the likelihood that new designs for a German assault on Czechoslovakia called Case Green which were drawn up for him, got spilled out. Hitler had started to set up an assault on the Sudetenland. The deadline was the start of October. He was set up to utilize a multitude of ninety-six divisions. The Czechoslovak Government, mindful of Hitler's expectations yet dubious when the blow would fall, requested a halfway activation on May 21. Hitler was insulted, disclosing to his officers that he had offered no danger and was being treated with scorn. He had been mortified, and nobody yet embarrassed him with exemption. His fierceness against Czechoslovakia expanded, and on May 30 he given a mystery order to his central leadership: It is my unalterable choice to crush Czechoslovakia by military activity sooner rather than later. All through the mid year Britain, France and the Soviet Union knew that Hitler wanted to strike at the Sudetenland and maybe the entirety of Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovaks had a great knowledge framework with Germany and knew from everyday what Hitler was arranging. Germany likewise had a magnificent insight framework, and also it had in Konrad Henlein, the National Socialist pioneer in the Sudetenland, a man who might remain determined to deliver an insurgence or a demonstration of intentional incitement against the Czechoslovak Government. The German papers were loaded up with records of mass captures of honest men and ladies in the Sudetenland, and there were the inescapable conditional stories by our reporter. Nonexistent individuals in nonexistent towns were being butchered. The Czechoslovak Government endeavored to invalidate a portion of these accounts however surrendered hopelessly. Hitler requested a enormous publicity flood against Czechoslovakia to set up the German individuals for the October attack. On September twelfth at Nuremberg, Hitler went as close

How to Score a Six Figure Trucker Payday!

Step by step instructions to Score a Six Figure Trucker Payday! Whatever your reasons are for turning into a truck driver, it’s clear what one of your objectives is while filling in as one-to get paid! Each truck driver worth his guiding wheel fantasies about winning a beast check while driving the open street. Need a six-figure yearly compensation? Continue perusing AllTruckJobs.com encourages you delineate a course to your fantasy payday:HustleTruckers aren’t hesitant to hustle, which regularly implies working extended periods of time and additional movements at whatever point conceivable. Not exclusively will this up your salary, it’ll make you increasingly important to your boss an extraordinary negotiating concession to have while arranging a compensation raise.Be FearlessTake the occupations nobody else will take-they pay more which is as it should be! Employments that accompany an additional payload, to be specific peril, likewise accompany more cash. On the off chance that you’re ready to pull payload across sl ippery frosty streets or through perilous, war-torn nations, you can set yourself in a place to make those six-figures.Be a BossBuy your own apparatus, become a proprietor administrator, and you can hope to pull in more than six figures. In any case, don’t overlook that as a proprietor you’re likewise answerable for all related costs, similar to fix upkeep, which may eat into your base line.Here’s the arrangement: Earning a six-figure compensation as a trucker isn’t going to be simple, particularly thinking about that the normal pay is just about portion of that ($49,000 in 2014). Be that as it may, where there’s a will, there’s a way!The Road to Riches: How to Earn Six Figures in Truck DrivingRead More at www.alltruckjobs.com

The Significance of the Beginning Chapter of Frank McCourts Angelas Ashes :: Essays Papers

The Significance of the Beginning Chapter of Frank McCourts Angelas Ashes He is simply one more poor Irish kid. His story is of destitution, enthusiastic battles, and growing up. Have we not found out about that as of now? Everybody thinks their adolescence is one of a kind, however do we not all have essentially similar encounters? Straight to the point McCourt encounters occasions like other youngsters, however that reality is overlooked once the peruser starts Angela’s Ashes. Genuine reality turns out to be less significant than this little boy’s impression of the real world, whereupon the center is set and stays there all through the book. McCourt isn't recounting to the narrative of what occurred, but instead of how the occasions identified with his own turn of events. He attracts the peruser into himself by composing the main individual and utilizing an individual tone which consistently mirrors his viewpoint. In the primary part, he unnoticeably sets up himself as the main character in his diary, causing the peruser not to finish him h is adolescence, yet to become him as a youngster. â€Å"People wherever boast and cry about the misfortunes of their initial years, however nothing can contrast and the Irish version†(1), McCourt composes as he portrays the world wherein he grows up. For he makes a different world for himself, where individuals he knows meander in and out at whatever point they can hold his consideration. McCourt’s world fills in as a way of dealing with stress just as a statement of his innovativeness. He encircle himself with the discouraging truth about his home and family, yet gets every piece of truth with his own clarification, regularly silly, in this way presenting himself just to his understanding of the real world. McCourt’s task is to contain his reality in the 400 sixty pages of the book and to have the peruser inundated before the finish of the primary part. The initial pages give an establishment to McCourt, himself, and for his observation, empowering the peruser to follow his continuous flow sentences all through the book. He gives a glimmer see of the book’s content on the primary page, giving the peruser a thought of what he is getting into. McCourt then suddenly intrudes on himself (which gets basic all through the book) just as he has neglected to make reference to some appropriate certainty, and afterward continues to present his folks. In spite of the fact that he is currently composing from his parents’ perspective, the peruser is very mindful this is still McCourt’s understanding of their story.

GMAT Geometry Practice Questions and Problems

Would you call yourself a math person? If so, youll be glad to know that there are plenty of algebra, geometry, arithmetic, and other types of math problems on the GMAT. Perhaps you like math but need a little review when it comes to the topic of geometry. If so, learn some valuable tips on how to prep for GMAT geometry problems before you get started studying for the exam. Learn and Practice the Basic Geometry Formulas Knowing some basic formulas in geometry is an essential step to mastering these questions on the GMAT. One formula you should know is the Pythagorean Theorem, which is a^2 + b^2 = c^2, where c stands for the longest side of a right triangle, while a and b represent the other two sides. Another formula to remember is the area of a triangle, which is A = 1/2bh, where A is the area, b is the length of the base, and h is the height. The formula for finding the area of a rectangle is l*w = A (length times width equals the area). Once you learn these and other basic geometry formulas for the GMAT, the next step is to put them into practice so you know how to use them when theyre called for on the exam. Complete Practice Quizzes and Questions Reviewing problems and their answers and completing GMAT geometry practice questions are two ways to sharpen your skills for this section of the test. This sort of practice also helps you become accustomed to the timing when it comes to GMAT geometry questions. These questions are found within the Quantitative section of the GMAT. You are given just 75 minutes to finish 37 questions in this section. Of course, not all 37 questions involve geometry  Ã‚  GMAT questions in the Quantitative section also include algebra, arithmetic, and word problems   but working on completing each geometry problem as quickly as possible will help you finish the section within the time limit. In fact, you should work on establishing a rhythm for each section of the GMAT so you dont have to worry about watching the time. Use Simple Study Tools to Review Problems Another way to prepare for GMAT geometry questions is to use study tools such as flashcards to strengthen your skills. Some flashcards are virtual and can be accessed as easily as taking your smartphone out of your pocket. If you prefer traditional paper flashcards, they can also be carried around easily so you can review them during any free moments throughout the day. Not surprisingly, a tremendous amount of review can be accomplished at odd moments during a single day. In addition, playing geometry games online can help you hone your skills and add some fun to the process at the same time. You could try to beat your previous score on an online geometry game or even compete against others who have played the same game. Challenging another person to a geometry game can sometimes make your performance even better. Study With a Capable Tutor Preparing with a tutor can help you to master geometry for GMAT questions. A tutor can offer you encouragement and guide you in your studies. All of our instructors at Veritas Prep have taken the GMAT and earned scores that have put them in the 99th percentile of test-takers. When you study with one of our tutors, you are learning from an experienced instructor as well as someone who has been where you are in the GMAT preparation process. Our prep courses instruct you on how to approach geometry questions along with every other topic on the GMAT. We know that memorizing facts is not enough: You must apply higher-order thinking to every question, including those that involve geometry. GMAT creators have designed the questions to test some of the skills you will need in the business world. Taking a practice GMAT gives you an idea of what skills youve mastered and which you need to improve. Our staff invites you to take a practice GMAT for free. Well give you a score report and a performance analysis so you have a clear picture of what you need to focus on. Then, whether you want help with geometry or another subject on the GMAT, our team of professional instructors is here for you. Plan on taking the GMAT soon? We have  GMAT prep courses  starting all the time. And be sure to follow us on  Facebook,  YouTube,  Google+  and  Twitter!

A Brief History Of Gold Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Gold was first discovered as yellow shining pieces and it became the part of human culture. Its brilliance, natural beauty and luster, its great malleability and resistance to tarnish made it enjoyable to work with. Golds early uses were ornamental, and its brilliance and permanence linked it to deities and royalty in early civilizations. Power, beauty and gold have always gone together. In ancient times, Gold was used to construct shrines, idols, plates, cups, vases and vessels of all kinds, and for sure, jewelry for personal adornment. Gold is dispersed throughout world which is why its discovery occurred to different nations and different locations of the world. Everyone who discovered gold was impressed with this metal because of its beauty, shinning and luster. With advancement of technology, iron and copper are the greatest contributions to mankind but in spite of the fact gold came first to human culture and economic progress of the nations. Working with gold is quiet easy when gold is in pure state. Gold was found in pure form wherever it was discovered whereas other metals tend to be found in some mixture. Early civilizations associated gold with their gods and rulers and gold became the sign of power and glory, beauty, and cultural elite. Same thinking about gold was found throughout the world. Arch aeologies suggest that Gold began to be used with the first known civilization in the Middle East. The oldest pieces of  gold jewelry that is Egyptian jewelry were found in the tombs of Queen Pu-abi and Queen Zer in Sumeria. These are the oldest examples found in any kind of jewelry. Most of the Egyptian tombs were raided during several centuries and it was found that tomb of Tutankhamen was not disturbed by modern archaeologists. Inside that tomb, huge collection of gold and jewelry was found. From these collections, there was a gold coffin which showed Egyptian craftsmanship and gold working. The Persian Empire (Its Iran now-a-days) frequently used Gold in artwork as part of their religion before conquest of Arabs in 7th century A.D. Persian goldwork is famous for animal art but after the conquest of the area by Arabians, the art was modified. As the Roman Empire was flourishing, the power of the state attracted talented Gold artisans who created numerous extraordinar y gold items. The Roman Empire began to expand the use of gold and designed household items i.e. kitchen stuffs and furniture for homes of the higher classes. Wearing gold necklaces became a beautiful trend in the Empire and by 3rd century AD the citizens of Rome used to wear necklaces with the picture of their emperor in it. Christianity spread through the European continent, and their culture as well as gold ornaments spread all over the continent. Before wide spread of Christianity, people buried gold with the dead people but this trend ceased with time and people began to collect gold in their churches. In America, people of Pre-Columbian cultures had advanced skills in the use of Gold before the arrival of the Spanish. Indian goldsmiths got most techniques their when the Spanish arrived. They were adept at granulation, filigree, pressing, hammering, inlay and lost-wax methods. The Spanish conquerors melted down and took back most of the gold from the peoples of this region. The greatest deposits, from whatever left, of gold from these times were in Andes and Columbia. During the frontier days of the United States, lot of discoveries of gold were made and news of discovery in a region resulted in settling a lot of people there, some risking their lives to find gold. Gold rushes occurred in many of the Western States. The most famous and prior discovery was in California at Sutters Mill in 1848. Other major discoveries were in Australia in 1851, South Africa in 1884 and Canada in 1897. This was the period of gold rush  when workers migrated to an area that had a dramatic discovery of  gold  deposits. These gold rushes took place in 19th century in various regions of the world. Top the list is Australia following Brazil. Major gold rushes also found in  Canada,  South Africa, United States and smaller gold rushes took place in some other different places. Top Gold Mining Countries: 2011 Top 10 Gold Producing Countries Tuesday October 16, 2012, 5:00pm PST By  Michelle Smith   Exclusive to  Gold Investing News The locations, where gold is mined, are diverse. It is produced in more than 90 countries and some of these countries are at the top of list. According to an estimate more than 1800 tons of the gold mined was among 10 countries in 2011. No single continent or its countries have earned the repute of mining highest gold of the world. Top ten countries are spread around the globe. Top 5 countries with their statistics are given below China: China can be named as nation of gold. It is not only the top consumer but also the top producer of this yellow metal. China has no risk of being removed from that number one place as its gold production was 355 tons in 2011. While the 2nd highest gold mining country is about 100 tons below. China National Gold Group claims to be the countrys largest producer, crediting itself with 20 percent of Chinas gold output. According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), China has 1,900 tons of gold reserves. Shandong is the leading province for gold production and within its boundaries Zhaoyuan, which  reportedly  produced over 28 tons of gold in 2011, is the top gold-producing city. Chinas official gold holdings are 1,054.1 tons or 1.7 percent of total foreign reserves. Australia Australias gold production rose in 2011 from the 261 tons reported in 2010. Though gold can be found across the nation, about two-thirds of its gold production comes from the state of Western Australia. That is where the world-class Super Pit at Kalgoorlie is located. Consisting of numerous mining operations, and once called the Golden Mile, this landmark site was converted into Australias largest open-pit mine and is owned by Newmont Mining (NYSE:NEM,TSX:NMC) and Barrick Gold (NYSE:ABX,TSX:ABX). Australia possesses about 11 percent of the worlds economic demonstrated resources of gold, according  to Geoscience Australia. The USGS reports Australias reserves as 7,400 tons. Gold is a leading exploration draw, ranking se cond in this category of expenditure. The yellow metal is also among the countrys top 10 exports, raking in about $14 billion per year. Australias official gold holdings are 79.9 tons or 9.3 percent of total foreign reserves. United States A rise in gold production in 2011 from 231 tons in 2010 marked the second consecutive annual increase in the US. A portion of last years increase is attributed to the restarting of mines in the states of Montana and Nevada. The vast majority of the gold produced in this nation comes from Nevada, home of the Carlin trend. Newmont has renowned operations in the region, including 14 open-pit mines and four underground mines that operate as an integrated unit, employing various processing methods. Mined production of gold in the US in 2011 was about $12.2 billion. The US has 3,000 tons of gold reserves. Official US gold holdings are 8,133.5 tons or 75.4 percent of total foreign reserves. The US has the largest official holdings in the w orld. Russia Russias gold production in 2011 rose by 8 tons from 192 tons mined in 2010. Though Russia is fourth in terms of production, the nation ranks second in explored reserves. According to the USGS, the nation has 5,000 tons of gold reserves. The nations most prolific gold regions are Siberia and the Far East. Polyus Gold International (LSE:POLG), which claimed the title of top producer in Russia in 2011, operates in both areas. Vitaly Nesis, CEO of Polymetal International (LSE:POLY), recently  said  that Russia has the best prospects for gold mining globally, but also said the industry is shackled. He blamed poor regulation for hampering development and production expansion. Russias official gold holdings are 936.7 tons or 9.6 percent of total foreign currency. Russia is the only nation on the top producers list with official gold purchases reported by the World Gold Council this year. Through August Russia bought 57.6 tons. South Africa Centered on the list is Africas top producer. From 2010 to 2011 production in this nation was virtually flat, rising a single metric ton, or 0.5 percent. Though South Africa is no longer the king of the gold-producing nations, it has the most gold resources as well as the worlds largest deposits (in Witswatersrand). The USGS places reserves at 6,000 tons. Still, the nations gold production has been on a downward slope for years. Through May, production declined over 10 percent compared to the same five-month period last year. Aggravating matters further in 2012, labor unrest has plagued the mining industry. Last month, about 39 percent of the nations gold  production  was halted by striking workers. South Africas official gold holdings are 125 tons or 13.4 percent of foreign reserves. Purity of Gold The purity of gold is expressed in carats, often abbreviated to ct or K in the USA and some other countries. Pure gold has a purity of 24 carats. Various other purities exist that are measured relative to 24 carats. These are summarised in the table below. Purity Gold content Fineness 24 carat gold 99+ 990 22 carat gold 91.6 916 18 carat gold 75.0 750 14 carat gold 58.5 585 9 carat gold 37.5 375 An alternative method of expressing purity is fineness. This expresses the purity of gold in parts per 1000. Gold may be alloyed with other metals such as silver, copper, zinc or silicon to produce purities less than 24 carat. Silver and copper and most commonly used alloying elements for gold. Pure gold is too soft to be able to be used for jewellery. The metal chosen as an alloying element my influence properties such as workability and color of the resultant gold alloy. The purity of the gold is marked onto jewellery by st amping or laser engraving. This acts a quality control stamp. Often this is done after the alloy is tested by a qualified testing laboratory or facility. Depending on which country the gold is produced, the caratage or fineness may be stamped into the item of jewellery. According to the International Hallmarking Convention, there is a no negative tolerance policy. This means that a gold alloy determined to consist of 749 parts of gold per 1000 would not qualify for a 750 quality mark. Methods used to assay or test the purity of gold include: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Inductively Couple Plasma Spectrometry (ICP) ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  X-Ray Fluorescence ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Fire Assay ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ šÂ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Touchstone ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Electronic Pen ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Density Chemical and Physical Properties of Gold: Gold is not very hard; a knife can easily scratch pure gold and it is very heavy or even dense for a metallic mineral. Some of the other characteristics of gold are ductility, malleability and sectility, means it can be stretched into a wire, pounded into other shapes, and cut into slices. Gold is the most ductile and malleable element on our planet. It is a great metal for jewellery because it never tarnishes. The color and luster of gold are what make this metal so attractive. Gold is found as the free metal and in tellurides. It is widely distributed and almost always associated with pyrite or quartz. It is found in veins and in alluvial deposits. Gold also occurs in seawater in concentrations of 0.1-2 mg ton -1, depending on the location of the sample. In the mass, gold is a yellow-colored metal, although it may be black, ruby, or purple when  ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nely divided. One ounce of gold can be beaten out to 300 ft2 . Gold is a good conductor of electricity and heat. It is not affected by exposure to air or to most reagents. It is inert and a good re ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ector of infrared radiation. Gold is usually alloyed to increase its strength. Pure gold is measured in troy weight, but when gold is alloyed with other metals the term karat is used to express the amount of gold present. Gold has an electrochemical potential which is the lowest of any metal. This means that gold in any cationic form will accept electrons from virtually any reducing agent to form metallic gold. It is the most electronegative of all metals, which once again con ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms its noble character. Investment in Gold: Year Gold (USD/oz) Increase Percentage 1970 37 1980 590 1494.59% 1990 391 -33.73% 2000 273 -30.18% 2010 1,410 416.48% 1970 to 2010 net change,  %  1,373 3710.81% The biggest reason behind investment in gold is its price increase. From the table it is clear that, if we exclude the price increase in 1980 for a while, prices of gold are increasing sharply and returns seem to be higher than any other kind of investment. People thought investment in gold as hedge against inflation and investment in gold got popularity in 1980s when price increase was escalated. Nyiri studied gold prices in 1981. It was the period when gold prices rose sharply due to world-wide inflation. The researcher concluded that increase in gold prices is also due to increase in production costs due to opening of new mines in Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia  [1]  . Anyhow, due to this price increase, people are preferring investment in gold. Investment in physical gold is considered risky due to some factors of theft, save storage, resale problems etc. Also, policies of different countries discourage investment in physical gold because it has a substantial impact on reserve of a country. According to study, USA is the leading country with most gold stocks followed by Germany. USA has 75.5% of physical gold as part of its reserves  [2]  . Offering gold physically may attract international smugglers to trade gold. This problem is minimized by offering electronic trade in gold. Two broadly used methods available for investing electronically in gold are gold shares and gold bullion. Some studies show that gold shares are better than gold bullion as investment choice and traders should give priority to gold shares when they have choice between the two  [3]  . These days, following methods are available for investment in gold. Physical gold Investing in physical gold is the original form of investing in gold. Physical gold can be bought in the form of gold jewellery, numismatic coins or gold bullion. From an investment standpoint, bullion gold is preferable due to lower costs and higher liquidity (i.e. the gold can be sold easily at fair prices) than other forms of physical gold. Gold bullion is also available in two basic forms: Gold bullion bars and gold bullion coins, which can be legal tender in specific countries. The costs for smaller bars and coins are comparatively high. Its generally the case that the smaller a bar or coin is, the higher the costs are for refining and minting charged by the distributors. If gold bullion is stored privately, security concerns must be considered. Really safe private storage is expensive. Privately stored gold has the additional disadvantage of low liquidity. Investors who decide to sell gold bullion must arrange the sale at a fair price and may need to verify the pu rity of their gold. Vaulted gold, i.e. physical gold stored in professional vaults does have the disadvantages of privately stored gold. Vaulted gold is usually cost-efficient and provides a high liquidity. Gold backed securities Gold backed securities are indirect investments in gold. Gold ETF (Exchange Traded Funds) and gold investment funds both open ended or closed are securities that (depending on the specific product) are backed by physical gold. A security is a financial instrument that represents a value in case of gold backed securities the value of an underlying amount of gold. In the legal sense, an owner of a gold backed security does not directly own the underlying gold but only the security, which in turn certifies the right to the gold. While gold ETFs are funds, gold ETCs are only gold-backed bonds. That means, the holder of a gold ETC only has a claim against the issuer of the gold ETC and does not indirectly own physical gold through a fund, as with an ETF. Most gold ETCs are fully collateralized with gold, but still pose a potential counterparty risk to investors. In most cases, owners of gold-backed securities cannot request physical delivery of the gold. Costs of gold bac ked securities vary by product. Generally speaking, gold ETFs and gold ETCs are often cheaper than gold investment funds and mutual funds. Gold mining stocks and gold mining funds Gold mining stocks and gold mining funds are other forms of securities which allow investors some exposure to gold. Gold mining stocks and shares are not investments in gold but in gold mining companies. In effect, the gold price is just one factor that influences the price of gold mining stocks. Company-specific factors such as management, company-owned gold reserves, etc. also play an important role. Investments in a single gold mining stock are risky. An investment fund that invests in multiple gold mining stocks reduces risk for the investor. But as stated, gold mining stocks are not really investments in gold. Gold mining companies can go out of business and the stocks can lose all value. In contrast, physical gold can drop in value but will never become completely worthless or disappear. Non-backed gold securities Besides gold-backed securities like gold ETF and (some) gold ETC, there are also securities, whose value is derived from the gold price but which are not backed by physical gold. Examples for those securities are structured products and options. Structured products are based on derivatives, e.g. options. Structured products and options can pose significant risks to investors and are therefore generally not considered a suitable form of gold investment for retail investors. Structured products are basically obligations, thus, investors in such products bear the risk that the issure defaults on them (counterparty risk). Other forms of gold investments Gold accounts, gold certificates and gold trusts are additional forms of gold investment. The characteristics of those products vary widely from direct gold ownership to claims on gold or the price performance of gold with no real gold ownership. Electronic Trading in Gold (International/National Markets): Today, different markets offer trading in bullion gold electronically. London bullion market, NY Globex and NYComex are at top of the list. Some people think gold as a safe investment and this is why overall trading volume in gold is gradually on rise. These markets offer gold buying or selling of gold by using just 5-10% of original amount of gold. One can trade in gold for any interval of time. Some people are engaged in trading gold on daily basis, some on weekly basis and some on monthly basis. Volatility in gold market may lead to profits as well as losses. Various websites and softwares for trading in gold have been developed which can update user about prices every moment and make alarms etc. Pakistan Mercantile Exchange (PMEX): PMEX is the first electronic, web-based, demutualised commodity exchange of Pakistan. It is licensed and regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) and trades all types of futures contracts. It started nationwide operations in May 2007. The entity is owned fully by institutional shareholders, which include the National Bank of Pakistan; the Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad Stock Exchanges; the Pak Kuwait Investment Company; and the Zarai Taraqiati Bank. Some of the most commonly traded futures contracts in such commodity exchange are agriculture futures, livestock futures, metals futures, energy futures, weather futures, currency futures, interest rate futures and equity and index futures. At present, gold, oil and silver dominate trading at PMEX, but the exchange also deals in palm olien, rice, sugar, wheat and KIBOR futures. Over the last several years PMEX has established a strong footprint in managing and offering international commodities in t he Pakistan market ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  especially gold, silver and crude oil. This trend is expected to continue with the introduction of new products in the coming years. PMEX announced an increase of 671 % from last year. In terms of volume this amounts to Rs 490,515,367,875 in 2010ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ 2011 versus Rs 63,610,332,963 previous financial year. The increase in terms of number of lots 1,475,582 were also remarkable and stood at a 365% growth over the same period. Pakistan Mercantile Exchange Limited achieved the highest ever monthly trading volume of PKR 129 billion in the month of August 2012 with a total of 325,000 contracts traded. This is a record increase, crossing the previous high of June 2012 of PKR 119 billion. Economic factors that move the gold price: Several factors are responsible for fluctions in gold prices; some of these are give below. Central banks Central banks and the  International Monetary Fund  play an important role in the gold price. At the end of 2004  central banks  and official organizations held 19 percent of all above-ground gold as  official gold reserves. Centeral Banks may sell or buy gold according to their requirements and reserves, these buying and selling cause a direct influence on gold prices. For example, European central banks, such as the  Bank of England  and  Swiss National Bank, were key sellers of gold in 2009. Although central banks do not generally announce gold purchases in advance, some, such as Russia, have expressed interest in growing their gold reserves again as of late 2005. In early 2006,  China, which only holds 1.3% of its reserves in gold, announced that it was looking for ways to improve the returns on its official reserves. It is generally accepted that interest rates are closely related to the price of gold. As int erest rates rise the general tendency is for the gold price, which earns no interest, to fall, and as rates dip, for gold price to rise. As a result, gold price can be closely correlated to central banks via the monetary policy decisions made by them related to interest rates. Hedge against financial stress Gold, like all precious metals, may be used as a  hedge  against  inflation,  deflation  or currency  devaluation. The currencies of all the major countries are under severe pressure because of massive government  deficits. The more money that is pumped into these economies   the printing of money basically   then the less valuable the currencies become. If the return on bonds, equities and real estate is not adequately compensating for risk and inflation then the demand for gold and other alternative investments such as commodities increases. Jewelry and industrial demand Jewelry  consistently accounts for over two-thirds of annual gold demand. India is the largest consumer in volume terms, accounting for 27% of demand in 2009, followed by China and the USA. Industrial, dental and medical uses account for around 12% of gold demand. Gold has high thermal and electrical conductivity properties, along with a high resistance to corrosion and bacterial colonization. Jewelry and industrial demand has fluctuated over the past few years due to the steady expansion in emerging markets of middle classes aspiring to Western lifestyles, offset by the financial crisis of 2007-2010. In recent years the amount of second-hand jewelry being recycled has become a multi-billion dollar industry. Some companies have been offering good prices and fair services for their customers. However there are many companies that have been caught taking advantage of their customers, paying a fraction of what the gold or silver is really worth, leading to distrust in man y companies. Short selling The price of gold is also affected by various well-documented mechanisms of artificial  price suppression, arising from  fractional reserve banking  and  naked short selling  in gold, and particularly involving the  London Bullion Market Association, the United States  Federal Reserve System, and the banks  HSBC  and  JPMorgan Chase. War, invasion and national emergency When dollars were fully convertible into gold via the  gold standard, both were regarded as money. However, most people preferred to carry around paper  banknotes  rather than the somewhat heavier and less divisible  gold coins. If people feared their bank would fail, a  bank run  might result. This happened in the USA during the  Great Depression  of the 1930s, leading  President Roosevelt  to impose a  national emergency  and issue  Executive Order 6102  outlawing the hoarding of gold by US citizens. Weakening or Strengthening of Currencies: Strength of currency determines most of the above stated factors for gold price movements. Currency has a direct influence on gold prices. Since gold prices are fasten to US Dollar, so US Dollar has a direct influence on gold prices. Whenever USD strengthens, the price of gold moves down and vice versa. This movement due to USD usually takes no time. Weakening of USD may impact in fall in gold prices by $50/oz just in one second. There are further various statistics that influence currency of any country; some of these statistics are listed below Building permits CPI Crises/War Situation Existing Home Sales GDP Inflation Reports Manufacturing PMI Manufacturing Production Meeting minutes of any financial meeting Monetary Policy Statements New Home Sales PPI Public Sector Borrowing Retail Sales Speeches by Financial Ministers, central bankers, presidents Trade Balance Unemployment Claims Focus on Electronic Investors: Basic purpose of investors is profit, as huge as possible. Gold prices are sometimes speculated without any specific reason. These speculations are carried on just to attract investors. Investors keep an eye on everything that may lead the price of gold move up or down. Investors focus different economic factors of major countries. For example, Euro zone Crisis these days is a crucial issue for any kind of investors. Right move on the right time is the key to earn profits. But right move is rather difficult to find out. Right move is to buy gold when the price is about to rise and sell it when the price is about to decrease. No one can predict about this trend with 100% accuracy. Wrong move of trader may lead him to go bankrupt. Traders use different techniques and analysis to optimize their outcomes. Also with the knowledge of policy decisions and announcements, an investor should be expert in technical analysis of the prices. Technical Analysis: A method of evaluating securities by analyzing statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume is known as technical analysis. Technical analysts do not attempt to measure a securitys intrinsic value, but instead use charts and other tools to identify patterns that can suggest future activity.Technical analysts believe that the historical performance of stocks and markets are indications of future performance. In a shopping mall, a fundamental analyst would go to each store, study the product that was being sold, and then decide whether to buy it or not. By contrast, a technical analyst would sit on a bench in the mall and watch people go into the stores. Disregarding the intrinsic value of the products in the store, the technical analysts decision would be based on the patterns or activity of people going into each store. Different softwares are now available in market to represent the results of various technical analyses. Some websites are also designed for the task. These softwares / websites calculate and shows graphs for each technical analysis each selected part of time (it may be second, minute, 5 minutes, 30 minutes etc) and generate buy or sell signals. Traders trade in gold or other commodities accordingly. Some of mostly used technicals are given below Trend Moving averages Commodity Channel Index Parabolic SAR Standard Deviation Oscillators Bears Power Bulls Power Momentum Force Index Stochastic Oscillator Moving Averages of oscillator Volumes Money Flow Index Accumulation Distribution On Balance Volumes Others/Custom RSI Alligator Awesome Zigzag Anyhow these technicals may generate abrupt results. Some technicals are used for specific conditions only. In addition, technicals are silent about expected profits.

Should Physician -Assisted Suicide Be Legal - 2498 Words

Should Physician-Assisted Suicide be legal? Kelly Stevens PHI 103 Informal Logic Instructor Michele Clearman Warner January 4, 2011 Should Physician-assisted suicide be Legal? When society ponders over the idea of physician-assisted suicide, they most likely feel that the act itself would compare to murdering someone. Who really has the authority to say what is right or wrong when a loved one wants to end their life because of a terminal illness or a severe physical disability? President Clinton signed the Federal Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction in 1997, which prohibits the use of federal funding for physician-assisted suicides (The Gale Group, 2002). However, also in 1997, the state of†¦show more content†¦Mr. Donnelly conducted research on the use of x-rays, and because of the radiation he was exposed to, he contracted skin cancer. The radiations exposure and the contracting the skin cancer caused him to loose his nose, left hand, two fingers on his right hand and part of his jaw. He became blind and his body was slowly deteriorating. The pain he was feeling was excruciating and at the same time was told by the doctor he had only one y ear to live. Matthew Donnelly laid in his bed begging to die, but nobody would help him. His brother Harold could not stand to see his brother in such pain, he obtained a gun, and shot him. Harold was tried for murder after giving his brother his dying wish (Andre, C., Velasaquex, M., 2010). Matthew Donnelley should have had the choice given to him to have a physician-assisted suicide when he was pleading to die instead of his brother feeling like he needed to fulfill his wishes by shooting him and spending his days in prison. These stories are adequate enough reasons why the laws need to be changed for every state and territory so people who realize that their quality of life is ending have the right to die with what dignity they feel they have left. There are also people who would actually not agree with the thought of having a doctor assisting anyone to end their life. For example, people may argue a particular topic aboutShow MoreRelatedShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?901 Words   |  4 PagesWhen society ponders over the idea of physician-assisted suicide, they most likely feel that the act itself would compare to murdering someone. Who really has the authority to say what is right or wrong when a loved one wants to end their life because of a terminal illness or a severe physical disability? Should Physician-assisted suicide be Legal in California to make it a euthanasia state like Oregon ? In the article titled â€Å"Nicest Lawmaker Touts Assisted Suicide,† by Clea Benson published The BakersfieldRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1578 Words   |  7 Pagesmeasures. One of the alternative options is Physician-Assisted Suicide; defined as the voluntary termination of one’s own life by administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician (â€Å"Physician-assisted†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). In layman’s terms it means that a physician administers medications to the patients to use on their own terms, and it’s entirely up to the patient whether or not to ingest the medication. I know Physician-Assisted Suicide is a practical solution to terminally illRead MoreShould Physician-assisted Suicide Be Legal? 1473 Words   |  6 Pages Should physician-assisted suicide be legal? This debated subject has no right or wrong answer. Assisting someone in death has a felony murder conviction in some cases. There are a few different ways of being charged, but there are certain circumstances. There are many reasons why I am for it and of course, I have reasons against it. When you have a loved one in a vegetative state, does the family say yes or no to â€Å"pulling the plug?† Is it not the same as assisting a person in death? AnotherRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of physician-assisted suicide has become very controversial because of the ethical questions. The physical state of health o f the patient, the patient’s personal life, and even the financial pressure of the patient are all factors to consider when contemplating whether or not to legalize this controversial cause of death. Physician-assisted suicide regarding medical ethics states that a physician cannot legally give any patient a lethal injection to end their life, but they can take theRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?761 Words   |  4 Pages We Should be in Favor of Physician-assisted Suicide In a momentous decision released February 6, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Physician-assisted suicide will be legal in Canada within 12 months. This deci-sion has caused a myriad of controversy. Opponents of physician-assisted suicide argue that the constitution recognizes the sanctity of life and no one has the right to end the life of another person’s. Supporters, on the other hand, argue that patients who experience constantRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal935 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscusses the ethics of physician-assisted suicide. In the process of physician-assisted suicide, a doctor purposefully provides a terminally ill patient with the means to take their own life. This is often confused with active euthanasia; however, they are not the same thing. In euthanasia, the doctor administers the lethal drug to the patient, but in physician-assisted suicide, the patient must take the lethal drugs themselves. There is much debate over physician-assisted suicide today. Some peopleRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?847 Words   |  4 PagesShould-Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal In Every State When it comes to the topic of, should physician-assisted suicide be legal in every state, most of us will readily agree that it should be up to a terminally ill person to make that decision. Whereas some are convinced that it is inhumane, others maintain that it is a person’s decision to end their own life. I agree that physician-assisted suicide should be legal in every state because in most cases, people that are terminally ill should haveRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1494 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide A tough issue on the rise in the United States is whether or not Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) should be legal. Physician Assisted Suicide allows a physician to prescribe a lethal dose of medication to a patient to end their life. However, the patient has to take the drugs on their own. PAS would be only offered to those suffering from a terminal illness with less than six months to live. The way these patients go about treating and or living with a terminal illnessRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Not Be Legal2017 Words   |  9 PagesEnglish 100 Melody Kowach Say No to Physician Assisted Suicide Has anyone ever heard of the term Assisted suicide? The term assisted suicide â€Å" is suicide committed with the aid of another person, who is usually a physician. It usually is called physician assisted suicide because a doctor is providing information on committing suicide with lethal doses of drugs (Assisted). There are many people with a terminal illness considering assisted suicide. Assisted Suicide is legal in five states which is OregonRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1223 Words   |  5 Pagespractice of physician assisted suicide. This would allow terminally ill patients, many of whom have cancer, to make the difficult decision to end their lives peacefully. Doctors are able to simply write their patient a prescription, designed to end a person’s life in a non-painful way. Doctors and medical personnel have struggled with this topic, exploring the various consequences and benefits that come with making assisted suicide legal. Currently, physicia n assisted suicide has been made legal across

Love and friendship in George Orwells 1984 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 833 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? The stories written by George Orwell feature several critical themes. Orwell wrote several books which held stories of interest to the life of people during his days and the prospects of the future. His narrations dealt with the issues that affected society during his time and what he considered would be the case in the future. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Love and friendship in George Orwell\s 1984" essay for you Create order Most of his books, therefore, became good for the audiences who read them in later days and have interested readers to this day. However, perhaps the most interesting of his books is the one called 1984. In this book, several themes appear although perhaps the most imperative are the way the government controls love and friendship. The government of Oceania controlled love and friendship amongst its citizens. The story of 1984 presents a government which attempted to hold the lives of its citizens at ransom and which insists the life of these people maintain an allegiance to the big brother only. This meant that the people could only concentrate on loving and dedicating themselves to the big brother alone. This paper will analyze the themes of love and friendship in the book 1984. Similarly, this study will examine the way that the government ensured that these two subjects were controlled. Finally, this study will give examples of how the ruling party ensured the elimination of love for the benefit of the government through giving examples. Friendship in Oceania The big brother and the inner party of Oceania tried to ensure a state of complete friendlessness. In the book 1984, the author displays a state where all the activities are centered on trying to please the big brother. All the jobs are made to create the will of the inner party and the big brother without the inclusion of the friendliness of normal society. This can be seen from the instances in which Winston moves around town with several screens and cameras pointed at him. The importance of a society which does work without any happiness or communication with other workers shows just how well the inner party eliminated friendship.   Therefore, friendship in Oceania was virtually nonexistent as everyone was concentrating on their jobs and their association with the big brother. The inner party also eliminated association in the workplaces and communities. This fact can be seen when first Julia and Winston meet. Winston sees Julia as a spy to the inner party who might give him up because of his thoughts against them. Julia also sees him as a traitor who might give her up. These images show how well the government of Oceania had eliminated friendship as every individual considered the other to be a spy. The inner party, as an agent of the big brother, therefore controlled friendship in Oceania completely. Through such actions as the time when Obrien betrays the two lovers to the inner party, the reader can realize that Oceania is full of traitors and liars and lacks true friends who can tell the truth. Similarly, when Winston betrays Julia by shouting that Obrien should hurt Julia and not him, the level to which the governance controls friendship becomes evident. Therefore, it is easy to determine that the big brother and the inner party successfully managed friendship in Oceania and virtually destroyed it. Love in Oceania The nation of Oceania lives in love of the big brother rather than love of each other. Every ting in Oceania is controlled to maintain the dedication to the inner party and the big brother. This strategy involves limiting love between couples and married people to retain the love for the big brother. From these systems, sex is also reduced to the bare minimum and treated as a useless formality for making children rather than a thing of love. This makes the people of this nation fret upon sex as they view it as unimportant.   By this system, the government controls love in Oceania by limiting the attachment that should come from sex to couples and makes the people direct their love to the state only. Through the story such as that of Julia and Winston, 1984 shows how love is controlled in Oceania. Julia and Winston fall in love but they are betrayed, and they face torture by the betrayer to divert their love to the big brother. This is not unlike his earlier marriage which failed because the government refused sex and intimacy. However, in a twist of fate, the government agent Obrien is able to change his view due to the torture which makes Winston lose love for Julia. This experience shows how the government insists on diverting the love to one direction only. In conclusion, the themes of love and friendship appear severally in the book called 1984. Showing how the government of that nation refuses these two important things and denies the citizens their rights, this book becomes important to society of today. It serves an important point to show that certain notions such as complete dedication to the government can eliminate the importance of life itself.

City of God Analysis - 1874 Words

* Cidade De Deus, more commonly known as the City of God, was directed by Fernando Meirelles. This is a Brazilian film that represents and portrays the violence and horrors of living within the Brazilian Slums, known as favelas. * With over 500 slums, the favelas existed within the regions of Rio de Janeiro, containing more than a third of the city’s population. The word favela refers to a community of people who neither own nor have formal permission to occupy land. Rio De Janerio’s favelas were constructed in a period of rapid industrialization, and these favelas were entirely created to keep the poor isolated from the city’s center where the more upper class people were based. * Based in Rio De Janerio, this film is†¦show more content†¦* This is where my scene that I will be analysing is based upon, in the 1980s. * The Socio-cultural Context of this film can be related to the drug problem in Brazil... as well as the early exposure to children in regards to violence, which in fact are still major concerns to this very day. As Brazil only established a form of democracy in the 1980s, after being under authoritarian control for over half a century it l eft the country in an extremely divided society. Chaos was bound to occur and thus the drug problem spread vastly throughout Brazil. In this world of violence, children are exposed to experienced teenage gangsters who provide the criminal influence and training to them. The exposed children then start with gaining money from various stealing, looting, robberies and thus progresses to more severe criminal acts. * Murders also occur and gang warfare, which reflects to the reality of life within the Brazilian slums. * The particular part of the film that I chose to analyse was, in my opinion, the most interesting and significant scene within the film. * What made me gainShow MoreRelatedCity of God Analysis954 Words   |  4 PagesKellene Berry Sociology 1 Kolstad 05/23/2012 â€Å"City of God† Application and Analysis The movie â€Å"City of God† has many examples of sociological theories of crime and deviance. Some of the major theories I noticed throughout the movie were the functionalist theory, including examples of relative depravation, as well as the interactionist theory, including differential association and labeling. There was also evidence of the conflict theory and the control theory throughout the film. The functionalistRead MoreAnalysis Of The City Of God Essay2278 Words   |  10 Pagesof knowledge, so that they could either be equal or more powerful than their peers. In history St. Augustine of Hippo justified that the fall of Rome was due to the power-hungry individual who eventually ran the city to the ground. He writes his thought in a book called â€Å"The City of God,† which brings up the argument that having the majority of power being in the hands of corrupt leaders and the abandonment of Christian faith is what lead to the decline of the Empire. These texts will justify toRead MoreCity Of God : Movie Analysis860 Words   |  4 PagesCity of God The movie of City of God took place in an urban environment in Brazil. The movie showed clear and honest images of varies issues that is happening in urban environment. As well as the social networking and the importance of education. The movie start with a poor area in the urban society. While the movie showing bunch of kid playing on the community playground, the camera showed the surroundings of the community. People are living compactly with a small area. The houses are constructedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film City Of God 1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe film, â€Å"City of God† portrays numerous of brutal acts of violence and crime. This film depicts the deviant acts of a sociopathic gang leader, Li’l Ze and his fellow members. He recruits numerous of young kids and teaches them how to become a hood. He kills those who try to stop him from getting what he wants, which is being the one and only drug dealer. He leaves the town of Rio in distraught and in fear of their own life. Even when someone tries to get out of the slum and wants to begin a brandRead MoreAnalysis Of The Republic And Augustine On City Of God1714 Words   |  7 Pagespersuasive author when considering the knowledge of the divi ne alongside Plato in â€Å"The Republic† and Augustine in â€Å"City of God†. Ghazali considers both belief and knowledge as necessary for knowledge of the divine while Plato focuses solely on knowledge. On the other side, while Augustine does support the idea of a rational soul, he refutes his own claim when considering the miracles of God. In this essay I will argue that incorporating both knowledge and belief, Ghazali provides an approach in whichRead MoreEssay about City of God Analysis2153 Words   |  9 PagesCity of God is a depicts the reality of the narrator’s life growing up in the slums on the outskirts of Rio. What was meant to be a small film project became a success in many ways. Although it quickly became an international sensation winning numerous awards the filmmakers were also successful with their use of various components of cinematography. One critic said that â€Å"City of God is a wildly entertaining film. The sheer energy of the mov ie is never less than compelling. Meirelles pulls outRead MoreAnalysis Of Saint Augustine s The City Of God 1045 Words   |  5 PagesIn Confessions Book Eight (8) and The City of God Book Five (5), Saint Augustine addresses the criticism surrounding the compatibility of God’s foreknowledge and human free will. Augustine insists on two (2) truths: God is the cause of everything and man has the freedom of choice. Early in Augustine’s career, there is an emphasis on the will. As Augustine’s understanding of human agency begins to develop, his idea of human free will matures. Initially, Augustine describes himself as having twoRead MoreThe City Of God By John Milbank869 Words   |  4 PagesAfter Augustine completed his literary piece known as the City of God, serious debate ensued regarding the correct interpretation of the concepts addressed in his writing. Augustine highlighted two realms, that of the earthly state known as the secular realm and the heave nly state known as the City of God. For instance, Etienne Gilson believed that Augustine was expressing the greatness of the earthly state while simultaneously explaining that the state bettered Christianity. Other philosophers suchRead MoreAnalysis and Discussion of Surah 801623 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis and Discussion of Surah 80 Surah 80 of the Quran, which is also known as â€Å"`Abasa† or â€Å"He Frowned†, was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad at an important time in Islam’s expansion. The surah makes use of many literary techniques to indicate the historical context to the reader, as well as strengthen the surah’s themes. Surah 80 has also a topic of interest for Islamic scholars, such as Abu’l ‘Ala Mawdudi and Muhammad Asad. Their interpretations and Analysis Historical Context Surah 80Read MoreAbelard and Aquinas Essay713 Words   |  3 Pages Peter Abelard was a renowned dialectician from 1079 to 1142. He subjected theological doctrines to logical analysis. In other words, he used rational argument to discover truth. Saint Thomas Aquinas, was a believer in the power of reason, giving St. Augustines theory an alternate approach. He taught in Paris and Italy during the years 1225 to 1274. Both of these new age thinkers changed the way Catholic followers viewed the natural world. Peter Abelard was one of the new thinkers

Abraham Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address - 1685 Words

Abraham Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address History remembers Abraham Lincoln as one of the greatest leaders. He has made many significant contributions to the history of the United States and is considered one of the greatest presidents. He sacrificed himself for what he believed in, even if it meant starting a war against his own country. He believed in equality for everyone and that all men were created equal. As president he is best remembered for leading the Union through the Civil War and freeing Confederate slaves with the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation and for delivering the Gettysburg Address, the most famous oration in American history, on 19 November 1863. But out of all of them, his greatest contribution was the Gettysburg†¦show more content†¦Despite his struggles in life and the background he came from, he did the best he could for his nation and shown people that they can overcome any obstacles if you set your mind to it. â€Å"From crude, disadvantaged begi nnings, he somehow recognized significant capabilities within himself and nurtured a determination to succeed.†(Abraham Lincoln, George McGovern) His famous Gettysburg Address was delivered on November 19, 1693, at the battlefield cemetery at Gettysburg , Pennsylvania . A wealthy attorney, David Wills, was planning to dedicate the cemetery to those who lost their lives fighting in the Civil War, and invited Lincoln to be a guest speaker at the ceremony. He paid tribute to the American soldiers who fought in the Battle of Gettysburg, a turning point in the Civil War, but he also gave a new meaning, a broader definition, to the Civil War. He called it a â€Å"new birth of freedom† and related the principles behind the Declaration of Independence of freedom and equality. These were the principles on which America was founded, and he emphasized that they should not forget them. The speech began as â€Å"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  meaning he believed that the creation of the US was designed for freedoms ofShow MoreRelatedThe Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln1289 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant than the actual battle. This speech is- The Gettysburg Address, given by Abraham Lincoln the Sixteenth President of the United States. The war had broken out during his second year in office of only his first term. It was a short speech only about two minutes; although, it has a gigantic impact the hearts of many even up to the current day. The sixteenth president shall be remembered for this address. If you think about Abraham Lincoln, you think of someone who loved African-AmericansRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln1370 Words   |  6 Pagesraces including white and black. Abraham Lincoln was the president during this era and knew he had to put an end to this but didn’t have a solution to solve it. When the United States was founded everything was as simple as it could get but as the years went it started getting more complex, and Lincoln noticed that. The Gettysburg Address is a speech by Abraham Lincoln known as one of the best speeches in American history. One reason why President Abraham Lincoln did this speech was to start theRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln546 Words   |  2 PagesThe Gettysburg address is a very intriguing speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln. This speech touched bases on the many lives that have been lost during the civil war. This speech gained atten tion because it considered the impact that was made in the country’s history. Abraham did not want to forget the lives that were lost, but indeed give a dedication to the fallen soldiers. â€Å"It is for us the living, rather to be dedicated to the unfinished work which who they fought here have thus far so noblyRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And The Gettysburg Address1152 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born on Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin, now known as larue, County Kentucky. Lincoln got married in 1842 to Mary Todd. His children were Robert Todd, Edward Baker, William Wallace, and Thomas III. Abraham was in office from 1834-1842. Abraham Lincoln died at age 56, april 15, 1865. The Republican Party met in Chicago to select a candidate. They took the chance now because of the democrats in turmoil. They needed someone who would help the north and also win most of the electoral collegesRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address By President Abraham Lincoln1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Gettysburg Address was a speech composed and addressed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, at the time of the political fight in Gettysburg Pennsylvania. At that time, Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States. He was also the President who led America through the Civil War. During the Civil War, at Gettysburg, some soldiers died protecting the nation. This was mentioned in Lincoln’s speech, which was meant to be dedicated to the soldiers who died defending their people. He spokeRead MoreThe Nature Of The Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln741 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Gettysburg Address† is a speech by the President of United States, Abraham Lincoln, w hich is one of the best representations of American history. It was produced by Lincoln during the Civil War, on November 19, 1863, at the commitment of the Soldiers’ National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Abraham Lincoln carefully arranges the Address, which was not planned to be as important as other presentations that day; the Gettysburg Address ended up being one of his greatest and most importantRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln and the Gettysburg Address1293 Words   |  6 Pagesbetterment of our great country, the United States of America. Yet there was one name that resounded in my classrooms, and in my ears. That name was Abraham Lincoln. As a child, I had heard of great things this man had done, and wonderful things he had said. Of the many great things said by Abraham Lincoln, I recall most vividly the Gettysburg address, given on November 19, 1863. Listening to the words of my teachers and reading from my textbooks about this great man who had done great things, madeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln813 Words   |  4 PagesKatrina Ta Giang 22 December 2017 AP Language and Composition(7) Mrs. Faumuina Speech Analysis Essay: The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln â€Å"The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War†(History). It was a battle in Gettysburg Pennsylvania, consisting of the Union Army and the Confederate Army. The main purpose behind this battle was due to â€Å"Robert E. Lees plan to invade the North and force an immediateRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address981 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fourscore and seven years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is the statement in which Abraham Lincoln started â€Å"The Gettysburg Address†.152 years ago, Lincoln delivered this well-known speech in front of an audience who was searching for help during a time of war. Some may believe it was not an inspiration why others will say it was. To some Americans, it might have even brought faith. Just like any other work, this essay was composed of a rhetorical situation and rhetorical devices; which can be broken down into specific fa ctorsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address 1669 Words   |  7 PagesZoraa Lutas QUESTION 1 Abraham Lincoln speech given at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on November 19, 1863 was described by Senator Charles Sumner, in 1865, stating â€Å"the battle itself was less important than the speech.† Explain. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was not given the spotlight at the Soldiers’ National Cemetery on November 19, 1863, and was instead invited to give a few remarks. In fact Edward Everett’s speech would have been the official ‘Gettysburg Address’ was it not for its two hours

Case Study of Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction A small business usually has to deal with both smaller and larger problems with practical solutions keeping costs and management in mind. Having a roadmap with business expansion plans regarding space development, more deliveries, taking more orders, and contracting out work is a pathway to success. This case study speaks about the production system of the fictitious company Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd with two persons Mei and Fung Chen at the helm of it. Fung being a master cabinetmaker and Mei being an interior designer fused their creative ideas in creating this boutique company. Creative ideas, craftsmanship, attention to detail are all necessary to build products with perfection and own unique appeal (Ball, 2015). For a company to manage though it is entirely a different story, where many other employees will be involved and management will be needed accordingly (Clough, 2015). With expansion in inventory, raw materials, outsourcing cost, timely delivery, and attention to all ty pes of clients are all critical components in running a business, and it gets increasingly challenging and complicated with time (Khanna, 2015). This study undergoes through the company Hawkesbury Cabinets inception, their underlying principle in creating products and the secret to their success, to their business expansion plans following success. The difficulties have been underlined, pointed out and critically analyzed the companys problems with managing factory expansion with limited space in the current plant, inventory, and raw material costs upswing, and imbalance of production to scheduling time. Discussion and Analysis Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd is run by two companies Mei and Lei. Both take on the roles of additional management as required creating management issues. The current production system of manufacturing cabinets includes both standardized, and custom made kitchens from one kitchen up to five kitchens. The company has only one operating plant in Mulgrave, which accommodates all tools and machinery. They are separated categorically and are layout by the workflow. Although the manufacturing plant had space to accommodate all kinds of machinery they did not utilize space efficiently to provide for future expansion (Brown, Bessant Lamming, 2013). For manufacturing, the equipment used were of all high quality so as not to compromise with the quality. The tools were organized in such a fashion that essential components like cutting tables and saws were kept in one place, shapers, and routers in another location. Lathes and other less frequently used equipment were stored separately (Schneider , 2015). Painting and finishing were done in an environmentally controlled room towards the rear of the factory since this is the final stage and this process takes up a lot of space and needs to be carefully handled (Tomshinsky, 2014). The attention to detail, in this case, shows the craftsmanship of the company builders in every cabinet they produce. The finished products speak for the company themselves, and the company takes a high esteem in them (Christopher, 2016). Since the company had only two persons on board, there was no pressure from different managerial layers or complexity to the business. The company went on to take contract works to small spec' builders as the firm grew, by providing them with kitchen cabinetry. One issue the craftsmen face is the fact that since both custom and standard kitchens take up a lot of time, and the quality for both of them are of the same quality, the time allocated is of a concern, which leads to longer delays for new orders (Grant, 2016 ). Longer delays in production and manufacturing mean that the production queue is full. The move to builder's line of the kitchen was made as a part of increasing demands without increasing much of the workforce. Contract work especially makes sense as they are paid for the work done and not as full-time employees, but the downside is that sometimes the quality may differ. Since each and every custom kitchen took quite a long time, smaller orders were left on hold. It resulted in an increase of longer queues of pending and unfinished work scattered throughout the factory, and custom kitchens were given the most priority (Monczka, 2015). Businesses usually follow this tactic to focus on bigger clients or large orders, where every deal can fetch a large sum of money, and therefore they incline towards the profit (Rodriguez, Peterson Krishnan, 2012). Smaller orders are finished in delays because they would not fetch much money and so are given little priority in this situation. The spacious factory space of the Hawkesbury quickly clogged up with lots of work left undone. The vision of the two made them success in business, and their dedication to quality earned them the reputation of craftsmanship, but their narrow vision in predicting future growth and expansion plans hurt them badly, cost the efficiency of the whole process and disrupted the balance of the work-production nature (Hansen, 2013). With the move to production in kitchen builders line Mei Chen felt pleased that the company has been in significant progress. Their strong presence in manufacturing custom kitchens have been getting strong, and the builder's line was increasing. But behind the scenes a lot of capital was tied up in raw materials, stock inventory, finished product and coupled with the increasingly delayed time for both custom and standard orders delivery. Even the costs associated with the builders line was on a rise. When business capital is tied up in the inventory, materials and costs of outsourcing, it becomes difficult for the company to expect profit margins without making a significant change in the business strategy (Sadgrove, 2016). The company was struggling in both financially and in managerial aspects as the accountant declared that the profit margins were not up to the expectation. A companys reputation lies in not only its product but also in its overall service and its internal work cul ture (de Oca, 2015). The available space in the factory was not sufficient to accommodate for any expansion plans, which meant they would have to rent out spaces. This usually happens when the company does not have any ready-made plans for expansion from the beginning, and therefore, it chokes up when the business gets complicated. Mei Chen decided to consult her brother Fung Chen, with the proposal of expansion plans. With the enlargement of a company, it needs additional management at many levels to oversee production and employee satisfaction (Zikmund, 2013). A company which is growing steadily has to create a roadmap for the future with expansion lines (Prahalad Ramaswamy, 2013). Unfortunately, that was not the case for Hawkesbury Cabinets, and therefore, its production was choking with its management was getting abysmal for lack of additional control. Conclusion From the given case study on Hawkesbury cabinets, it can be concluded that the company has earned itself a reputation in manufacturing quality cabinets, and is a testament to the skills of both Fung and Mei Chang. A right decision was taken when the duo signed off contracts to spec' builders when the company was flourishing with orders. Problems started to occur when the production was not able to keep with the supply and demand, and since the company focused on quality and quantity. It resulted in queues of pending orders and unfinished cabinets, and scheduling became abysmal. Mei Chang ultimately decided to expand by renting spaces after consulting with Fung Chang. With the rise in orders and increase of builder's line, the profit margin started to become less, and the company will have to decide whether to buy high-quality equipment for the new space or focus on a new strategy. References Ball, R. (2015). The Future Of Luxury: Capital Of Creation(Doctoral dissertation, State University of New York). Brown, S., Bessant, J. R., Lamming, R. (2013).Strategic operations management. Routledge. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Clough, R. H., Sears, G. A., Sears, S. K., Segner, R. O., Rounds, J. L. (2015).Construction contracting: A practical guide to company management. John Wiley Sons. de Oca, I. M. M., Snoeck, M., Reijers, H. A., Rodrguez-Morffi, A. (2015). A systematic literature review of studies on business process modeling quality.Information and Software Technology,58, 187-205. Grant, D. B. (Ed.). (2016).Logistics, Supply Chain and Operations Management Case Study Collection. Kogan Page Publishers. Hansen, A. H. (2013).Fiscal policy business cycles. Routledge. Khanna, R. B. (2015).Production and operations management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Prahalad, C. K., Ramaswamy, V. (2013).The future of competition: Co-creating unique value with customers. Harvard Business Press. Rodriguez, M., Peterson, R. M., Krishnan, V. (2012). Social medias influence on business-to-business sales performance.Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,32(3), 365-378. Sadgrove, K. (2016).The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Schneider, D. (2015). Wood Type Archaeology: An Inquiry Into Worker Skill In Wood Printing Type Manufacture. Tomshinsky, I. (2014).Aprons: A Tale of Tradition: History of Fashion Accessories Series: Kitchen Attire. Xlibris Corporation. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

Analysing Challenges in Managing Global Teams - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysing Challenges in Managing Global Teams. Answer: Introduction Tarique Schuler, (2010) has opined that with increasing competition in the business environment, the business organisations are looking for opportunities of expanding their market share across the domestic boundaries. This has been possible due to the increasing pace of globalisation that has emerged as hot topic in the business world. In this context, Reiche et al., (2016) proposed the fact that the business organisations are moving across the borders for achieving reduced labour costs, technological advantages and economies of scale to achieve competitive advantage. Thus, with expansion of business organisations across the nations, the need for efficiently managing work and expansions cross nationally has increased. This has resulted in forming of teams that consists of multicultural ad geographically dispersed employees, commonly referred to as Global Virtual Teams for executing their strategic projects. As has been put forward by Schuler et al., (2011), virtual teams even though offer several benefits to the organisation on one hand, organisations have to work hard for developing and efficiently managing global teams. The organisations have get involved in developing effective global leaders, engaging the remote employees, forming and developing the global teams, evaluating and monitoring the performance of the distance employees and developing a global mindset. Thus, taking into consideration the above aspects in context to the increasing need for and trend of virtual teams in the present day globally operating business organisations, the researcher in the present study would strive towards identifying and analysing the challenges that are involved in efficiently managing the global teams. In the present study, the researcher would focus upon analysing the challenges faced by the business organisations in managing global teams and thus the entire study would aim are achieving the following research objectives: To gain an understanding of the concept of global virtual projects teams. To analyse the challenges involved in efficiently managing global teams. To investigate ways in which challenges can be managed. Project Scope The present research study would limit its focus to analysing the challenges that are faced by the management in efficiently managing the global teams. Moreover, it would also strive towards providing ways in which the challenges can be met efficiently to enhance the productivity of the global teams. The researcher would limit the scope of the study mainly to the Australian retail organisation operating globally. This is because; it is not possible on the part of the researcher to personally meet the industry experts from different industries and collect their responses. The country Australia has been selected by the researcher for the study since between the tear 2012 to 2016, Australia has been successful in attracting 139 new entrants to the market thereby accounting for seven per cent of the 2000 international brand entrants in the Asia Pacific (Propertycouncil, 2017). So, this facilitates the researcher with the wide range of options for approaching the retail industry experts t o gain an understanding of what challenges they tend to face while managing the global teams. Moreover, taking into consideration the geographic, time and budget constraints, the researcher has limited the sample size to 15 industry experts from four multinational retail organisations operating in Australia. Nydegger Nydegger, (2010) has opined in his study that the global economy drives and forces the business organisations to take active participation in a highly volatile and customer driven market for offering high quality products and services to the customers at competitive prices. In this context, Erez et al., (2013) also proposed the fact that globalisation has also necessitated communication with the clients, colleagues and customers across different cultures and languages. Thus, the virtual team working has emerged as a strategy that is used by the business organisations at present to efficiently respond to global demands. Thus, with an increase in the virtual teams, the global mindsets among the managers, leaders and employees is essential to overcome the challenges that are associated with working across the languages and cultures. It has also been opined by Zander et al., (2012) that the global nature of the economy has increased which in turn has heightened the complexity of the jobs and has emphasised upon enterprise agility that has driven the business organisations to adopt virtual team working into their organisations structures for successfully operating in a changing business environment. The studies conducted by Anantatmula Thomas, (2010) has been observed to be putting forward the fact that virtual team working facilitate the business organisation with several potential benefits that include remote working options for attracting and retaining the employees, enhanced decision making in project management that also depends upon the ability of the firm in placing best individuals together in a team irrespective of their geographical locations and achieving closer contact to customers worldwide. However, in this context, Mendenhall, (2012) revealed that in addition to the benefits associated with virtual team working, there are several challenges that are associated with managing virtual team working and they are challenges involved in efficiently monitoring and evaluating virtual team performance. The other challenges can be listed as follows: Limitations of physical observations Anantatmula Thomas, (2010) put forward the fact that managers and leaders of virtual team while monitoring and evaluating their performance faces the limitation of not being able to physically observe the performance and efforts of the employees. They also have no idea regarding how to implement effective methods to measure the productivity of the employees, develop a sense of trust among the team members and efficiently manage them for achieving enhanced productivity (Deresky, 2017). This is mainly because when the managers are not able to observe their subordinates in action, they cannot determine whether the employees are struggling and excelling thereby making it difficult for the managers to render constructive performance feedback and harness the full potential of the virtual team. As per the studies conducted by Tarique Schuler, (2010), it has been observed that virtual team members often feel organisational injustice when they compare themselves with the ones who are present in the actual workplace. Thus, the virtual team members feel that being out of sight infers being out of mind for career advancements and organisational rewards. Moreover, Pinjani Palvia, (2013) has opined that when the virtual team members perceive that the rewards and benefits awarded are not in alignment with their inputs, their either scale down their efforts to match the rewards and benefits or at time leave the organisation. Thus, the above discussions it is observed that managers face several challenges while managing global teams which if not managed efficiently can lead to financial loss for the business through reduced team productivity and labour turnover. Problem Statement As per the studies conducted by Sarker et al., (2011), it has been observed that global team working has gained importance in the recent times mainly because of the increased globalisation of the organisations and the proliferation of the new network technologies. The global teams are also referred to as virtual teams since they rarely meet in a face to face context and thus face several challenging problems that are generally not associated with the traditional co-located teams. The studies of Crisp Jarvenpaa, (2013) has put forward the fact that with increasing pace of globalisation and need for the business organisations to expand globally, the businesses are supplanting the traditional concept of project management and it is also because of the pressure on the part of the businesses to reduce the cost of operation and need to address the customer problems, developing products, delivering services and tapping a diverse pool of employees across the organisations. Thus, it can be s aid that there exist a challenging task on the part of the management of the business organisations to efficiently manage the global teams and this mainly because of the factors that include the differences that exist in their culture, language, business practices and attitudes related to hierarchy and power. So, it becomes important for the managers and the leaders of the global teams to be cognizant of the differences that exist and thus increase the awareness among the team members regarding the differences that exist. Thus, on the basis of the above aspects, the researcher would analyse the challenges that are faced in managing global teams that would prove to be beneficial for the managers and leaders of the global teams to address the challenges by developing strategies for enhancing the productivity of the global teams. The analysis of the available literature revealed that there exist substantial amount of literature and peer reviewed articles in context to team working, challenges in team working, cultural issues in team working and human resources management (Bartlett Ghoshal, 2002). Thus, it can be said that most of the studies are conducted in context to the issues that are faced by the team members while working in a team. However, there exist limited literature in context to challenges and issues that are faced by the managers and the leaders while managing a global team. Thus, the present study would focus upon incorporating both the existing practical knowledge and the early studies relevant to the area of study to identify the challenges faced in managing global teams and the ways in which the challenges can be addressed. What are challenges that are encountered by the managers while managing global teams and how can these be met? What is a global virtual team? What are challenges involved in efficiently managing global teams? How the challenges can be managed? Research Design and Methodology The researcher would focus upon analysing the challenges that are faced by the managers in the Australian retail sector while managing global teams and so would strive towards collecting both the primary and secondary data for the study. The sources of secondary data would include the existing literature available from peer reviewed articles and journals published online, online industry reports and previously conducted research studies together with research papers available in the library and the lecture notes (Muijs, 2010). The primary data on the other hand would be collected by conducting a questionnaire survey targeted towards the industry experts. In order to suit the purpose and the nature of the undertaken study, the researcher would make an effective use of the performance checklist and time and motion logs as the researcher completed instruments and in context to the subject completed instruments, the researcher would use questionnaires (Sheperis et al., 2016). Quantitative Data Analysis Process In order to analyse the data collected with the help of the questionnaire survey targeted towards the industry experts, the researcher would present the collected data with the help of tables, charts and graphs and use MS Excel software to analyse collected data for identifying the challenges faced by the managers in managing global teams (Boone Boone, 2012). For conducting the questionnaire survey, the researcher would target 15 to 20 industry experts and the survey would be conducted via e-mail to overcome the distance and budget constraints. The researcher in order to select the sample for the survey would use non-probabilistic sampling since the survey would be conducted by seeking due permission from the industry experts and sending and receiving the questionnaire via email (Bryman Bell, 2015). The questions in the questionnaire would be closed ended questions i.e. a limited number of options would be there to choose from. Moreover, closed ended questions would be selected since they are easy to analyse and the researcher before conducting the actual survey would conduct a pilot survey to ensure that the questions are well framed and easy to understand and desired changes would be made as per the received feedback (Lietz, 2010). Reliability and Validity of Data To ensure the validity of the primary data, properly filled in questionnaires would be selected for analysis and questionnaire would be tested through pilot study (Silverman, 2016). For ensuring reliability, the researcher would prevent himself from manipulating the collected data in any form. To ensure reliability of secondary data, only peer reviewed articles and journals would be selected, study materials provided by mentors would be used and research papers in the library would be used for the study (Neuman, 2016). For validity of secondary data, the researcher would include the studies that would be within the time frame of 2010 to 2017. The researcher would face budget constraint and time constraint together with geographic proximity while collecting the data for the study (Marshall Rossman, 2014). Thus, the study would be limited to only 15 to 20 industry experts from the Australian retail industry. Time Schedule Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Introduction Objective Setting for the Research Data (Primary and Secondary) Collection Plan Reviewing the Literature Research Methodology Development Primary Data Collection Interpreting and Analyzing the Primary Data Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion From the above aspects, it can be stated that the research study would be based upon both the primary and secondary data for identifying the challenges faced by managers in managing global teams. References Anantatmula, V., Thomas, M. (2010). Managing global projects: A structured approach for better performance.Project Management Journal,41(2), 60-72. Bartlett, C. Ghoshal, S. (2002). Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution. Boston: Harvard Business School Press Boone, H. N., Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing likert data.Journal of extension,50(2), 1-5. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Crisp, C. B., Jarvenpaa, S. L. (2013). Swift trust in global virtual teams.Journal of Personnel Psychology. Deresky, H. (2017). International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R., Shokef, E. (2013). Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), 330-355. Lietz, P. (2010). Research into questionnaire design.International Journal of Market Research,52(2), 249-272. Marshall, C., Rossman, G. B. (2014).Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. Mendenhall, M. E. (Ed.). (2012).Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Muijs, D. (2010).Doing quantitative research in education with SPSS. Sage. Neuman, W. L. (2016).Understanding research. Pearson. Nydegger, R., Nydegger, L. (2010). Challenges in managing virtual teams.Journal of Business Economics Research (JBER),8(3). Pinjani, P., Palvia, P. (2013). Trust and knowledge sharing in diverse global virtual teams.Information Management,50(4), 144-153. Propertycouncil. (2017).Australian market attracts international retailers. [online] Available at: https://www.propertycouncil.com.au/Web/Content/News/National/2017/Australian_market_attracts_international_retailers.aspx [Accessed 26 Sep. 2017]. Reiche, B. S., Mendenhall, M. E., Stahl, G. K. (Eds.). (2016).Readings and cases in international human resource management. Taylor Francis. Sarker, S., Ahuja, M., Sarker, S., Kirkeby, S. (2011). The role of communication and trust in global virtual teams: A social network perspective.Journal of Management Information Systems,28(1), 273-310. Schuler, R. S., Jackson, S. E., Tarique, I. (2011). Global talent management and global talent challenges: Strategic opportunities for IHRM.Journal of World Business,46(4), 506-516. Sheperis, C. J., Young, J. S., Daniels, M. H. (2016).Counseling research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Pearson. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage. Tarique, I., Schuler, R. S. (2010). Global talent management: Literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research.Journal of world business,45(2), 122-133. Tarique, I., Schuler, R. S. (2010). Global talent management: Literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research.Journal of world business,45(2), 122-133. Zander, L., Mockaitis, A. I., Butler, C. L. (2012). Leading global teams.Journal of World Business,47(4), 592-603.